{"id":"W3044931577","doi":"10.37213/cjal.2020.28700","title":"“All These Nouns Together Just Don’t Make Sense!”: An Investigation of EAP Students’ Challenges with Complex Noun Phrases in First-Year College-Level Textbooks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"English for academic purposes; Test (biology); Reading comprehension; Noun; Psychology; Reading (process); Mathematics education; Linguistics; Comprehension; Computer science; Natural language processing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002805238,0.0004161302,0.000468831,0.001173348,0.004057138,0.003351838,0.001158391,0.001172587,0.001422709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01065668,0.0006085008,0.0002679139,0.001191797,0.003195791,0.002329728,0.002683033,0.002273737,0.0004028869],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002232798,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003346883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02476301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07802259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982641,0.0005367256,0.000126732,0.0002290453,0.0005735936,0.0002697547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9931461,0.002840098,0.001674561,0.0002678669,0.001268397,0.0008029647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006008521,0.0008290747,0.1571312,0.00007877155,0.0000125055,0.002086596,0.8192587,0.00002906268,0.003336131,0.000439668,0.0006487353,0.01608949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008322681,0.0003855243,0.1321082,0.00004795268,0.0000124283,0.0009480593,0.8611628,0.0001531658,0.001043147,0.0002247076,0.003878587,0.00002712969],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993,0.00002033128,0.00004581254,0.000081247,0.000001954099,0.000009163022,0.000005869941,0.000001084036,0.0005345111],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979571,0.0001192544,0.0002948823,0.0002271241,0.000003124758,0.00002739398,0.00002066479,0.000004224505,0.001346345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02476301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04923779,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1028065301957345,"score_gpt":0.3074721648609665,"score_spread":0.204665634665232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}