{"id":"W3046390974","doi":"10.1080/24694452.2020.1782168","title":"The Test of Time: Using Historical Methods to Assess Models of Ecological Change on California’s Hardwood Rangelands","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Ecological succession; Climax; Climax community; Geography; Historical ecology; Ecology; Scale (ratio); Environmental resource management; Bioregion; Temporal scales; Environmental change; Conceptual model; Rangeland; Landscape ecology; Environmental science; Climate change; Cartography; Biodiversity; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01529147,0.0004713833,0.0003395848,0.002605705,0.0009203421,0.002235088,0.001608512,0.0005245889,0.001039368],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05095491,0.0003244133,0.0006302242,0.002108565,0.001900227,0.005322278,0.001564462,0.001089919,0.00006662808],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002685829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001500896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04289601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03981888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957152,0.003277844,0.0001581474,0.0003983283,0.0003476938,0.0001027769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9690037,0.02168276,0.003722289,0.003298189,0.001572355,0.0007206069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002491904,0.0001601239,0.7167595,0.0001533751,0.0007059651,0.0001128977,0.003561421,0.1535533,0.0002220931,0.04823229,0.001652503,0.07463736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008800709,0.0006448965,0.2726003,0.0003346115,0.0003377041,0.0001697414,0.004622882,0.627815,0.000907317,0.0791367,0.01319408,0.0001487865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.904788,0.002345937,0.07899671,0.001397404,0.00009787326,0.00006882902,0.0007303997,0.0001457027,0.01142923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9808502,0.0004918976,0.01777158,0.00006842188,0.00004080603,0.00006260078,0.0003354253,0.00003358985,0.0003454973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04289601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08529264,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09698430362757597,"score_gpt":0.3410916112554649,"score_spread":0.244107307627889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}