{"id":"W3048766924","doi":"10.5539/res.v12n3p50","title":"What Independence Is","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Review of European Studies","topic":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Independence (probability theory); Logical consequence; Consistency (knowledge bases); Relation (database); Epistemology; Philosophy; Mathematical economics; Mathematics; Computer science; Discrete mathematics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005106042,0.0004183787,0.0006456062,0.001544436,0.003505965,0.006212893,0.00133627,0.002295827,0.01442544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01027501,0.0005044583,0.0006123757,0.001723058,0.02562933,0.0161162,0.004135066,0.005052284,0.003199738],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002928671,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003171657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007568923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004682553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995736,0.001456869,0.0002320657,0.0009924294,0.001008464,0.0005741075],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9918419,0.003856099,0.0008252938,0.001087507,0.001590199,0.000798979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004485268,0.00001930555,0.001274585,0.0001448818,0.00003085136,0.00008259685,0.003433972,0.00008814275,0.0001691428,0.9557585,0.01280423,0.02614906],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000169794,0.00001827151,0.004126994,0.0003006097,0.00003457636,0.0001920173,0.003035116,0.0002099773,0.0003320399,0.8093062,0.1823964,0.00003089395],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04331806,0.02776261,0.03120178,0.1394636,0.003096452,0.00003151405,0.0004964859,0.0001634542,0.7544661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9196807,0.01268212,0.003901242,0.01750368,0.002177819,0.00005022238,0.0004943326,0.0002323781,0.04327751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01442544,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04825789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1470212913712734,"score_gpt":0.4043295751289995,"score_spread":0.2573082837577262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}