{"id":"W3048846123","doi":"10.1002/pds.5083","title":"Time‐related biases in pharmacoepidemiology","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Jewish General Hospital","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Medicine; Pharmacoepidemiology; COPD; Lung cancer; Hazard ratio; Observational study; Cohort; Cohort study; Internal medicine; Emergency medicine; Medical prescription; Pharmacology; Confidence interval","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1160082,0.0007227454,0.001169372,0.002327791,0.0009190785,0.002792438,0.00201585,0.001539996,0.002367422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2614867,0.0006064487,0.002858617,0.007120765,0.002032467,0.002366338,0.001858015,0.00179443,0.0003160332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002916349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004407265,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03222155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01549615,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8995704,0.06577328,0.01248734,0.008993819,0.01212643,0.00104882],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6734349,0.2066412,0.0761471,0.03154478,0.01135962,0.0008724036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000846737,0.00006624476,0.9343811,0.001471185,0.006561604,0.0002142661,0.0008325644,0.00423142,0.000204806,0.00910701,0.002568722,0.03951431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003927861,0.0004260957,0.9109787,0.002452604,0.00533577,0.001031472,0.0005524929,0.01630636,0.00191936,0.02774636,0.03269063,0.0001672678],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.6061777,0.121711,0.1807941,0.02554318,0.003122206,0.003126962,0.0360937,0.0005848631,0.02284622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9652398,0.007321189,0.01652147,0.003719308,0.0009207935,0.0006819147,0.004058154,0.00006795208,0.001469595],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8839918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6135176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2100696790819873,"score_gpt":0.4555282154921335,"score_spread":0.2454585364101462,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}