{"id":"W3049211401","doi":"10.5430/rwe.v11n4p1","title":"The Impact of Globalization and International Tax Competition on Tax Policies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in World Economy","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Globalization; Economics; Tax competition; Value-added tax; Indirect tax; Tax reform; Direct tax; Double taxation; Economic policy; International economics; Economic system; Market economy; Public economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007689734,0.00008516429,0.0001990728,0.0003205217,0.0001034276,0.0001187236,0.0002657676,0.00003627245,0.0001553588],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001522818,0.00007919885,0.00006522754,0.0003177042,0.0001785027,0.0002147581,0.0001057752,0.0001960028,0.0001929574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002403782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002607837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001086815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00021577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989834,0.00003700625,0.0004362626,0.0002367714,0.00002533277,0.0002812332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993794,0.0002085647,0.0001409302,0.0001469615,0.00002644668,0.00009771719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005674312,0.00003080712,0.1491544,0.00001422927,0.00003187754,4.70242e-7,0.0002012501,0.0004812276,0.000003355229,0.8437188,0.005669679,0.0006371771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000938414,0.0002439426,0.2597,0.0000372247,8.108612e-7,0.00000148293,0.0001670491,0.03375847,0.0000718849,0.6166582,0.08821936,0.0002032412],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3925094,0.0003731661,0.00006368537,0.0315053,0.0001077996,0.0003181625,0.0002738246,0.0000126103,0.5748361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989763,0.0001557653,0.00001809333,0.0002337522,0.0001951888,0.00001938162,0.00001406235,0.0000093823,0.0003781106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6064669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3229635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1174146809399246,"score_gpt":0.3502955478952984,"score_spread":0.2328808669553738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}