{"id":"W3049491434","doi":"10.1177/0301006620944844","title":"Toddlers Categorically Perceive Emotional Facial Expressions Along a Happy–Sad Continuum","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Perception","topic":"Face Recognition and Perception","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Facial expression; Perception; Categorical perception; Cognitive psychology; Categorical variable; Face perception; Emotional expression; Developmental psychology; Communication; Mathematics; Speech perception","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009602226,0.0002173766,0.0002013392,0.00008974414,0.0003699582,0.0001103014,0.0001946512,0.0001582893,0.011938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005411283,0.0002094033,0.0001662661,0.0002840885,0.0001350351,0.0004433805,0.00006360289,0.000338941,0.006372181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009435212,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005298401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004312419,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002773242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980573,0.0002172712,0.0003192163,0.0006088407,0.0004614304,0.0003359593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992821,0.000095362,0.00008819896,0.0001407243,0.00008216522,0.0003114762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007719936,0.00008096107,0.0005776244,0.00001497585,0.000002541098,0.000006693836,0.005657623,0.00004573324,0.97005,0.00007252927,0.007790792,0.01562332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00460034,0.001117151,0.8209461,0.0002457014,0.0001300698,0.0001825592,0.01183107,0.02727056,0.03164662,0.001389931,0.09813849,0.00250142],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9788716,0.000004463322,0.006100673,0.005228081,0.0004369518,0.0003759273,0.00008354306,0.0003483635,0.008550365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933624,0.00009294817,0.0004129694,0.0044779,0.0006095548,0.00004291275,0.00008203214,0.00002656567,0.0008927037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9384034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944015,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08513920858362382,"score_gpt":0.2903460356084788,"score_spread":0.2052068270248549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}