{"id":"W3049518514","doi":"10.1080/00220485.2020.1804502","title":"Who benefits from regular class participation?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Economic Education","topic":"Innovations in Educational Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Grading (engineering); Multiple choice; Psychology; Mathematics education; Mathematics; Statistics; Significant difference; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001615386,0.00005655509,0.0001150868,0.00005590027,0.0002738648,0.00005176542,0.000357459,0.00004501686,0.000477315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008692173,0.00004829651,0.00004241436,0.0001676106,0.0001064169,0.0003639235,0.0000146421,0.0001420931,0.00008000042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000281476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001705422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003043521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001005468,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988746,0.0003832209,0.0004255978,0.00007046483,0.0001380076,0.0001081331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998467,0.0004942423,0.0005403434,0.000127809,0.0002786258,0.00009195558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008088139,0.0001883269,0.01511077,0.000006478274,0.0001188815,1.087491e-7,0.1132761,0.004834866,0.0004132863,0.6716706,0.1251352,0.06916461],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004794694,0.000148588,0.1616569,0.00009914111,0.0002359589,0.000004894124,0.07432868,0.0007585308,0.002002553,0.1765615,0.583365,0.0003587624],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.887243,0.0003464377,0.0004585816,0.1010711,0.002658989,0.000106291,0.000004139486,0.000007476313,0.008103992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9867958,0.0001399552,0.004982767,0.002430943,0.005282855,0.000005223967,0.000004233396,0.000008512071,0.0003496911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.495109,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5226265,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08862046962369993,"score_gpt":0.4151427107079173,"score_spread":0.3265222410842173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}