{"id":"W3051624513","doi":"10.21105/astro.2008.08090","title":"The Formation of Very Massive Stars in Early Galaxies and Implications for Intermediate Mass Black Holes","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Open Journal of Astrophysics","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Irish Centre for High-End Computing; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Royal Society; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Centre for Supercomputing Applications; Montana State University; Science Foundation Ireland; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Stars; Star formation; Halo; Galaxy; Stellar mass; Accretion (finance); Galaxy formation and evolution; Population; Black hole (networking); Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003767801,0.0003077598,0.0002876505,0.0002773379,0.0004816442,0.0008669515,0.0006287172,0.0005331229,0.001667533],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001443209,0.0002199999,0.0004518983,0.0002120155,0.0007663721,0.0004701335,0.0006573021,0.0003977229,0.0001410366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007182248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004050535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01100209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008078711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999291,0.00002247536,0.000002948949,0.000009916853,0.000009493949,0.0000259699],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995745,0.0001442559,0.00009136151,0.00002894653,0.00002876726,0.0001322098],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005093732,0.0003063567,0.5741481,0.0001252221,0.0001819814,0.002064532,0.001003444,0.3666767,0.02186872,0.02533158,0.0009440599,0.006839978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002883131,0.0005625879,0.3561955,0.00004678523,0.0001029619,0.0004069074,0.00134817,0.6149088,0.004610907,0.01931775,0.00215465,0.00005673936],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982861,0.00008628139,0.0002681061,0.0001395468,0.000004716331,0.000003829752,0.00004499215,0.00001288292,0.001153516],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995407,0.00004257265,0.000174285,0.00001744887,0.000003194356,0.000001840238,0.00002936738,0.000004950479,0.0001856412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01100209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0218761,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02407053120578583,"score_gpt":0.2569549288925921,"score_spread":0.2328843976868062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}