{"id":"W3052338136","doi":"10.1097/bsd.0000000000001055","title":"Propensity Score Matching","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Propensity score matching; Observational study; Outcome (game theory); Matching (statistics); Confounding; Medicine; Computer science; Econometrics; Internal medicine; Mathematics; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002109668,0.0002541615,0.0007336771,0.00009031547,0.0001053864,0.0001016217,0.000350369,0.0002010951,0.0002921611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0227215,0.0002243436,0.0002864097,0.0006821794,0.0001380539,0.0006802808,0.0002447462,0.0005544659,0.0001449818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004770905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001500505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007593153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003725502,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996972,0.0002164004,0.001476899,0.0006330145,0.000335102,0.000366596],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99716,0.0005678167,0.0006916889,0.0006461079,0.0005493378,0.0003850783],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001447015,0.001615333,0.1125339,0.000825063,0.0001766811,0.00003927798,0.0002491251,0.000006768822,0.006136023,0.3302799,0.2271056,0.3208875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009535705,0.0007069572,0.4600877,0.0004731983,0.0001535386,0.0000324164,0.00004905591,0.001305037,0.007707354,0.4200379,0.1066443,0.001848897],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5676188,0.00005728796,0.3726995,0.05274609,0.000295014,0.001124632,0.000009957479,0.002443599,0.0030051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.919192,0.0001032269,0.07172459,0.007259504,0.001026762,0.0001540029,0.0001617405,0.00008167389,0.0002965346],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3515731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9855105,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.503363480811191,"score_gpt":0.4645952154944371,"score_spread":0.03876826531675387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}