{"id":"W307528476","doi":"","title":"Public and Private Uses of Credit Ratings","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Credit rating; Bond credit rating; Credit reference; Issuer; Credit enhancement; Business; Liability; Credit history; Debt; Context (archaeology); Accounting; Legislature; Actuarial science; Credit risk; Finance; Financial system; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007738406,0.0001059576,0.0001381048,0.0001040249,0.0001475577,0.0001462059,0.0001864675,0.00003679832,0.0000520983],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001255266,0.00009190687,0.00004993148,0.0002161417,0.00004741452,0.001464312,0.000065672,0.0005230264,0.00002232081],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008648997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000221225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007676389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007283727,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985735,0.000006607033,0.0002543294,0.0001221482,0.0001962823,0.0008471154],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999334,0.00001697808,0.0004293749,0.00009259659,0.0001162552,0.00001077767],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000354456,0.00007213771,0.04669299,0.00003251199,0.00005442721,0.000002083676,0.00002523491,0.00001884909,0.001260341,0.8887678,0.0008987159,0.0621394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001695802,0.0001100518,0.03329343,0.0001042354,0.00008050069,0.0001783401,0.0003145004,0.00143341,0.0004024566,0.5800931,0.3818147,0.0004794693],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890175,0.002607099,0.001046458,0.004416869,0.000124124,0.00006398097,6.812783e-7,0.00002683401,0.002696486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966373,0.0009918087,0.00009523502,0.0003996213,0.001443301,0.000001511715,0.000001358117,0.00001315512,0.0004166651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.380916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3747853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01804869801060953,"score_gpt":0.204607130816001,"score_spread":0.1865584328053915,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}