{"id":"W3080664025","doi":"10.3390/app10175811","title":"A Systematic Review of Defensive and Offensive Cybersecurity with Machine Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Offensive; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Computer science; Computer security; Engineering; Operations research","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009370664,0.0003201718,0.002078138,0.0001355012,0.0002691544,0.0001095103,0.0008745482,0.00009725745,0.00000742781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001808503,0.0001983703,0.0001507008,0.001353591,0.000354265,0.0001421115,0.0003954314,0.000422792,0.00002129912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002537077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002025616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000172457,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006454056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975798,0.0002914395,0.0006523244,0.0006874308,0.0005608809,0.0002281262],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979824,0.0004579521,0.001025327,0.0003269826,0.0001005641,0.0001067573],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001129044,0.000008128083,7.860972e-8,0.9157179,0.00005617752,0.00001305928,0.0002658009,0.000001009338,2.634999e-7,0.01959153,0.00005879236,0.06428614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000959676,0.0003386096,1.098475e-7,0.8176675,0.0008167469,0.0003750853,0.00005572442,0.0009489391,0.000005439835,0.000458779,0.1787567,0.0004804636],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[8.229985e-7,0.9952204,0.001655866,0.00007069667,0.00006888535,0.001358198,0.000002739399,0.00006908305,0.001553279],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00004259042,0.9974212,0.002057368,0.0003405689,0.00002780468,0.00008996189,0.000002884371,0.000009138774,0.000008501541],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1786979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8089305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02010925718863403,"score_gpt":0.2568999119910301,"score_spread":0.2367906548023961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}