{"id":"W3080664025","doi":"10.3390/app10175811","title":"A Systematic Review of Defensive and Offensive Cybersecurity with Machine Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Offensive; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Computer science; Computer security; Engineering; Operations research","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005567997,0.001310626,0.003409992,0.01166986,0.0006438209,0.002220245,0.001515599,0.001494384,0.005353885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03071099,0.0006537068,0.003087929,0.0110358,0.0008051505,0.002722005,0.001372486,0.001341722,0.0007186866],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002510405,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01322941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0048578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01750084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957507,0.001389288,0.001330569,0.0003557183,0.001052863,0.0001209008],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9761294,0.01783837,0.002829513,0.0003803337,0.0025424,0.0002800363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009773311,0.00002865038,0.0005642628,0.6835599,0.001685564,0.0001257717,0.0003682761,0.0003123939,0.0002901428,0.001578804,0.0159186,0.29547],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005428256,0.0001501757,0.002591115,0.7948998,0.008085749,0.0005410503,0.0003105604,0.0001449802,0.0002402127,0.001549036,0.1913899,0.00004325064],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002284008,0.9981959,0.0002793019,0.0004369657,0.0001839672,0.00007606949,0.0001603091,0.000008912371,0.0004301389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002017995,0.9965126,0.0006360657,0.0003930581,0.00008334657,0.00009915922,0.0001207267,0.000003703167,0.0001332822],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01166986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02944672,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02010925718863403,"score_gpt":0.2568999119910301,"score_spread":0.2367906548023961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}