{"id":"W3081539385","doi":"10.1145/3410155","title":"On the Security and Usability Implications of Providing Multiple Authentication Choices on Smartphones","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Biometrics; Authentication (law); Computer science; Usability; Chip Authentication Program; Multi-factor authentication; Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol; Password; Computer security; Authentication protocol; Challenge–response authentication; Fingerprint (computing); Human–computer interaction","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004018137,0.0001802863,0.0002115008,0.00007381127,0.0004768062,0.000134989,0.00077522,0.0000839074,0.00002060091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004594619,0.0001382124,0.00008154163,0.0003644275,0.0001587516,0.0003206706,0.000051464,0.0002964337,0.00001348877],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002285004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003513074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000053431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003745145,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984265,0.0002350403,0.0003664169,0.000538426,0.000253761,0.0001798853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973591,0.001203678,0.0001496909,0.001044571,0.00008913327,0.0001538582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003536672,0.003159873,0.01321951,0.000838912,0.0002686843,0.000001538167,0.5166339,0.00004031599,0.007170141,0.4256333,0.0004228703,0.03225734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003216699,0.001804072,0.1423348,0.0003121256,0.0001761337,0.0000239492,0.002680496,0.287845,0.05847769,0.4918286,0.009972136,0.001328216],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9255142,0.00005980067,0.03377734,0.03952876,0.0001046358,0.0007094113,0.00005206229,0.0001271114,0.0001266216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985651,0.00005692795,0.0002827134,0.0009792594,0.00001979129,0.0000769991,0.000003776901,0.000007840419,0.000007553035],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5139533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5636138,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0374886408266429,"score_gpt":0.2631621336741028,"score_spread":0.2256734928474599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}