{"id":"W3082494315","doi":"10.9778/cmajo.20200036","title":"Factors associated with drug shortages in Canada: a retrospective cohort study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CMAJ Open","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes; Ontario Drug Policy Research Network; University of Calgary; University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","keywords":"Economic shortage; Medical prescription; Retrospective cohort study; Medicine; Logistic regression; Odds ratio; Business; Workload; Generic drug; Drug; Emergency medicine; Internal medicine; Pharmacology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003389567,0.0001600671,0.0006278264,0.00005180055,0.00005923863,0.0001188603,0.0005067812,0.00002978228,0.0005735453],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001401502,0.0001585108,0.00003042154,0.0002886019,0.00002176104,0.0002110085,0.0001988055,0.0002280582,0.00003951365],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001011895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00027738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8407966,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9357014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987689,0.00002305143,0.0004210924,0.000457938,0.00003638648,0.0002926379],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993623,0.00005454549,0.0001884506,0.0001844986,0.00001692751,0.0001932264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001244901,0.00007055911,0.9932535,0.000001899514,0.0001213091,0.000008721097,0.0009410169,0.00005506094,2.815043e-7,0.002903434,0.002613029,0.00001875293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007994176,0.00005876161,0.9942476,0.000004526461,0.000007292541,5.647989e-8,0.0004681812,0.0008378473,0.00001253598,0.0005489633,0.00278337,0.0002314464],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9660408,0.00005675306,0.00000283902,0.001865594,0.00008249767,0.0009355599,0.0003460263,0.00001120547,0.0306587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976199,0.0000113089,0.000003663052,0.00201886,0.00002951588,0.00005439038,0.00002256796,0.00002408633,0.0002157191],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09490479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6463882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1050298637335275,"score_gpt":0.2923146978548317,"score_spread":0.1872848341213041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}