{"id":"W3083262068","doi":"10.31521/modecon.v21(2020)-35","title":"External Labor Emigration from Ukraine: Causes, Scale, Consequences","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Economics","topic":"Labor Market and Education","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Emigration; Ukrainian; Human migration; Scale (ratio); Labor relations; Political science; Population; Economics; Geography; Labour economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005017474,0.0001986274,0.0001929799,0.001609401,0.000982907,0.0008519125,0.0003198741,0.0001750542,0.002139872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002036342,0.00006414027,0.0001949824,0.001910691,0.0008243105,0.0004919049,0.001499626,0.0002889131,0.0001345552],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001056226,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001273424,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01765639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01520788,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995731,0.0001031984,0.0000583872,0.00008232808,0.00009655079,0.00008651448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990865,0.0001520064,0.0004130614,0.00004995715,0.0002143568,0.00008411465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004948045,0.00004482545,0.9469787,0.0003404355,0.00004096792,0.002258661,0.006631403,0.0005784528,0.0003004278,0.002098684,0.001089104,0.0395889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002148375,0.00004192459,0.9641245,0.0003115843,0.00003171316,0.001637371,0.0259991,0.0003749888,0.0003010756,0.001206538,0.005959282,0.000009812454],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9887654,0.002648809,0.0004435435,0.0007308306,0.00003718635,0.00004409099,0.0004805561,0.00001839057,0.006831263],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976118,0.001384061,0.0001514156,0.00004232924,0.00001578401,0.0000150339,0.0001660643,0.000002613327,0.0006109206],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01765639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03510725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03294687119077201,"score_gpt":0.2079353917911307,"score_spread":0.1749885206003586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}