{"id":"W3083262068","doi":"10.31521/modecon.v21(2020)-35","title":"External Labor Emigration from Ukraine: Causes, Scale, Consequences","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Modern Economics","topic":"Labor Market and Education","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Emigration; Ukrainian; Human migration; Scale (ratio); Labor relations; Political science; Population; Economics; Geography; Labour economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001546384,0.0001608653,0.0003083294,0.00006170671,0.00008475014,0.0001656289,0.0002402901,0.000105751,0.000888406],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005008558,0.0002007393,0.00007681843,0.00009105119,0.00006974115,0.0004364995,0.00004112699,0.0001211572,0.0007361702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001167541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006478346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008585925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004519877,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987327,0.00001273744,0.0005363497,0.0004708755,0.00001763096,0.0002297111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992439,0.00003698952,0.0002968689,0.0002371407,0.00002740342,0.0001576744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008622086,0.00007887998,0.9396591,0.00002291323,0.00008329644,0.000002744966,0.005979683,0.001200099,0.0006216354,0.0445892,0.003830505,0.003845692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002304267,0.00017376,0.5167698,0.00003715266,0.00004762645,0.00000694794,0.0008046279,0.1085018,0.003960869,0.262505,0.1031193,0.001768825],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9818014,0.001425371,0.005348551,0.005676404,0.0006277341,0.0001385017,0.0006601875,0.00006488821,0.004256982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929926,0.0008498593,0.001993916,0.003034468,0.0006259038,0.00002084154,0.0001151138,0.00002982179,0.0003375058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4228893,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9727423,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03294687119077201,"score_gpt":0.2079353917911307,"score_spread":0.1749885206003586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}