{"id":"W3085879587","doi":"10.1126/science.abc8169","title":"The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe and North America","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":427,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"AIDS Vancouver; University of British Columbia","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; U.S. National Library of Medicine; Fogarty International Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; College of Science, University of Arizona; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Directorate for Biological Sciences; National Institutes of Health; Vlaamse regering; European Commission; Nvidia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Washington State University; Wellcome Trust; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Genome Canada; Gilead Sciences","keywords":"Outbreak; Contact tracing; Transmission (telecommunications); Public health; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Public health interventions; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); China; Coronavirus; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Geography; Virology; Environmental health; Medicine; Disease; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002302401,0.0002113337,0.0003175045,0.00122715,0.000798305,0.002185631,0.0001959469,0.0008867008,0.001625324],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002231603,0.0001675898,0.0003125282,0.001681115,0.0006057157,0.001600021,0.0007801027,0.001291724,0.00025129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001082224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001279529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01855603,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0375501,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992025,0.0002097741,0.00008243282,0.0001937027,0.0002043626,0.0001071088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983279,0.0002643788,0.0004038383,0.0001085897,0.000559532,0.0003357226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006436734,0.0002608875,0.6180109,0.000691554,0.0003588188,0.002450193,0.005955341,0.0001721238,0.00490804,0.006054289,0.1038352,0.2566589],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002034138,0.0001450754,0.836367,0.0007598924,0.00005929813,0.002122278,0.006130001,0.00008586563,0.0006087552,0.001201231,0.1524674,0.00003292503],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6276755,0.1877127,0.001352628,0.1066873,0.004465002,0.00008918122,0.00268983,0.00009719968,0.06923071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.850406,0.1002602,0.001953529,0.03304572,0.004461206,0.00004111427,0.00273499,0.00005700443,0.007040272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01855603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03689605,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3733158637735284,"score_gpt":0.4392250638859299,"score_spread":0.06590920011240148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}