{"id":"W3085879587","doi":"10.1126/science.abc8169","title":"The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe and North America","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":427,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"AIDS Vancouver; University of British Columbia","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; U.S. National Library of Medicine; Fogarty International Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; College of Science, University of Arizona; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Directorate for Biological Sciences; National Institutes of Health; Vlaamse regering; European Commission; Nvidia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Washington State University; Wellcome Trust; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Genome Canada; Gilead Sciences","keywords":"Outbreak; Contact tracing; Transmission (telecommunications); Public health; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Public health interventions; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); China; Coronavirus; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Geography; Virology; Environmental health; Medicine; Disease; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005053869,0.00004975342,0.0001249327,0.000009999774,0.0001244686,0.000008692568,0.0003454879,0.000005317815,0.000003122519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01670421,0.00002763251,0.00001110171,0.00115548,0.0009910322,0.00004927259,0.0003229048,0.00006340905,0.000008285147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005559774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003363364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004251372,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001269596,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992564,0.00004496062,0.0001791495,0.0001910077,0.0001637713,0.0001647331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989224,0.0007853858,0.00007544475,0.0001265767,0.00006213345,0.00002802749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006334402,0.0001330112,0.726134,0.0002189976,0.00001734934,0.00002193087,0.0152555,0.0001215455,0.140973,0.0401818,0.01729551,0.05958403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002796366,0.0003880715,0.8486822,0.00004413495,0.0000139623,0.000001480174,0.001308488,0.01120829,0.009628091,0.05056947,0.07749229,0.0003838413],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9911318,0.0002802314,0.0007252515,0.00672603,0.00003343242,0.00009686961,0.000001837346,0.00001753664,0.0009869819],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969407,0.000359823,0.001452869,0.001226175,0.000008667667,0.000003079759,2.639568e-8,0.000001830451,0.000006843113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1313449,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9915785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3733158637735284,"score_gpt":0.4392250638859299,"score_spread":0.06590920011240148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}