{"id":"W3088977747","doi":"10.1037/xge0000773","title":"Brain training habits are not associated with generalized benefits to cognition: An online study of over 1000 “brain trainers”.","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Cognition; Training (meteorology); Psychology; Cognitive training; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Neuroscience","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000985857,0.0003207545,0.0005727106,0.0009692014,0.001548805,0.001732043,0.000778666,0.001121969,0.00434948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006782626,0.0006637075,0.0004231661,0.0009274035,0.0007894818,0.002146762,0.001034122,0.001560212,0.00171762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004787424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005705623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01207915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01841407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995047,0.0001301894,0.00005849394,0.0001047092,0.0000978159,0.0001040749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955931,0.001156101,0.001560523,0.0003000899,0.0003471496,0.001042948],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004300585,0.003316222,0.9743411,0.00007086703,0.0001074422,0.0003277279,0.01078917,0.00002849164,0.0004665399,0.00006365262,0.001063319,0.008995395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003821526,0.0009687037,0.9909555,0.00002751765,0.00003995129,0.0002709368,0.006538195,0.0001870758,0.00006855407,0.00005335454,0.0008352415,0.00001676968],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993849,0.0000538887,0.00003208195,0.00006394184,0.000005909782,0.00002784045,0.0001155591,0.000002231485,0.0003136615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976781,0.000161615,0.0001316817,0.0003876339,0.00002136851,0.00009656508,0.0003294798,0.000009850934,0.001183587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01207915,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02401769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1787122934643416,"score_gpt":0.4042814344554208,"score_spread":0.2255691409910792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}