{"id":"W3091278193","doi":"10.1002/jee.20360","title":"Using schema training to facilitate students' understanding of challenging engineering concepts in heat transfer and thermodynamics","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Schema (genetic algorithms); Conceptual change; Psychology; Mathematics education; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007520188,0.00007351692,0.0001630119,0.0002422298,0.00005704547,0.00004036965,0.000139723,0.00004027085,0.00001292007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004017634,0.00008001234,0.00003315866,0.0003962377,0.00002422209,0.0002589474,0.000008769138,0.0001574533,2.501613e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002373301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000315989,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009018384,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001820575,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991622,0.00003373364,0.0002869105,0.00009141222,0.0002642508,0.0001614771],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995642,0.0001202767,0.00003009513,0.00003763607,0.00006738232,0.0001803735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001394501,0.00005350207,0.002736802,0.00009021604,0.00002119993,0.000001233224,0.7264613,0.2174769,0.03968312,0.01246085,0.000005962042,0.0009949369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009006329,0.0002224552,0.01655945,0.001216665,0.00004619011,0.00002182913,0.8614233,0.1158911,0.0008600907,0.0001571592,0.002168654,0.000532429],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9310222,0.000208008,0.06667,0.001313595,0.0005543281,0.00009322746,6.47665e-7,0.000008754991,0.0001292847],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979364,0.00005392145,0.0017649,0.00004820135,0.0001812166,0.000001340774,2.119118e-7,0.000008102921,0.00000565791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1349621,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3262809,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2678869883834496,"score_gpt":0.4099784027787236,"score_spread":0.142091414395274,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}