{"id":"W3091374297","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.125.141104","title":"Gravitational Test beyond the First Post-Newtonian Order with the Shadow of the M87 Black Hole","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":330,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; University of Toronto; Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Office of International Science and Engineering; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Nuclear Security Administration; Toray Science Foundation; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Junta de Andalucía; Recruitment Program of Global Experts; Russian Science Foundation; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Academy of Finland; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; H2020 European Research Council; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Generalitat Valenciana; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; John Templeton Foundation; European Southern Observatory; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Academia Sinica; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Associated Universities; Space Telescope Science Institute; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; National Research Foundation; Indonesia Toray Science Foundation; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; University of Chicago; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Vetenskapsrådet; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; Kavli Foundation; Leverhulme Trust; European Commission; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Harvard University; University of Arizona; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Government of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Compute Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Black hole (networking); Shadow (psychology); Event horizon; Rotating black hole; Metric (unit); Astrophysics; Field (mathematics); Gravitational wave; Gravitational field; Horizon; Classical mechanics; Event (particle physics); Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009425912,0.0003481139,0.00022036,0.0004814787,0.0002986644,0.0007120435,0.0004793408,0.0003257639,0.000460849],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004486157,0.0002028645,0.0003396016,0.0003720307,0.0009941937,0.0004453165,0.0007893792,0.0003903978,0.0001331388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005299874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003360233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005808262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00484979,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997782,0.00006679612,0.000007002227,0.00004298983,0.00006050905,0.00004440878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998181,0.0004935746,0.0006199474,0.0003899311,0.0001526102,0.0001629603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005012146,0.00007059175,0.8732696,0.00007068,0.0002145643,0.0008172754,0.001441114,0.04782218,0.02142431,0.0148532,0.001257852,0.03825758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004116727,0.0001960307,0.7714457,0.00004690625,0.00008206985,0.0005133251,0.0006562914,0.2084558,0.008545353,0.007266961,0.002718516,0.00003196981],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951356,0.0001074804,0.003306025,0.00008041064,0.000003873645,0.000004566892,0.000050224,0.000077081,0.001234654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998952,0.00001549074,0.0008998257,0.00001263773,0.000005808849,0.000001343346,0.00004778856,0.00001000973,0.000054911],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005808262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01154894,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01075686604596133,"score_gpt":0.2313176843571557,"score_spread":0.2205608183111944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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