{"id":"W3091426874","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.125.261801","title":"Observation and Measurement of Forward Proton Scattering in Association with Lepton Pairs Produced via the Photon Fusion Mechanism at ATLAS","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of British Columbia; TRIUMF; Carleton University; Simon Fraser University; University of Alberta; Université de Montréal; Institute of Particle Physics; University of Victoria; McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; H2020 European Research Council; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Australian Research Council; National Research Council Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Research Center \"Kurchatov Institute\"; Services Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et Culturelles; Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Israel Science Foundation; Brookhaven National Laboratory; European Regional Development Fund; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; General Secretariat for Research and Technology; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelse för Naturvetenskaplig och Medicinsk Forskning; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; Austrian Science Fund; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; European Commission; Leverhulme Trust; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS); German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Ministerstvo Průmyslu a Obchodu; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Generalitat de Catalunya; Generalitat Valenciana; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; U.S. Department of Energy; Hong Kong Baptist University; Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science; Compute Canada; Réseau de cancérologie Rossy; Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; European Cooperation in Science and Technology; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; CERN; North Dakota Game and Fish Department; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu; European Social Fund; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Royal Society; “la Caixa” Foundation; Canarie; Scientific Education and Research Institute; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; National Natural Science Foundation of China; American Friends of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Institut de Valorisation des Données; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; TRIUMF; National Science Foundation; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Physics; Lepton; Particle physics; Proton; Energy (signal processing); Luminosity; Atlas detector; Scattering; Nuclear physics; Large Hadron Collider; Electron; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000469318,0.0004606357,0.0003747061,0.001021286,0.0006361961,0.0008741565,0.0004394787,0.0004771679,0.001476743],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005212066,0.0003362201,0.0003672172,0.0009798132,0.0003641932,0.0003421267,0.0009396327,0.0003681038,0.0004072102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000470957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003363382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001238458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001286454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999674,0.00005547978,0.00001023791,0.00007361353,0.0001075112,0.00007921899],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996628,0.0001017305,0.00008088121,0.00004402806,0.00005331655,0.00005729536],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003482432,0.0001247979,0.1623675,0.0001585521,0.0002103248,0.002732858,0.0004193496,0.001892151,0.811447,0.002974105,0.0006904445,0.01350058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001452416,0.001118922,0.3982989,0.000023917,0.0002523806,0.007601941,0.0004209835,0.01012088,0.5743878,0.001483737,0.006012713,0.0001325849],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927154,0.0002201442,0.00387604,0.00002918884,0.00001035054,0.00001052015,0.0006664091,0.00007996844,0.00239206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971384,0.0001108536,0.001265805,0.00001478965,0.000009734279,0.000008985325,0.0007869634,0.0000134537,0.0006510786],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001476743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004940152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02588747888125868,"score_gpt":0.2519557231661851,"score_spread":0.2260682442849264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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