{"id":"W3091565661","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2021/02/048","title":"Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Institut de Ciències del Cosmos; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Argonne National Laboratory; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Australian Research Council; Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Université de Paris; Institut de Física d'Altes Energies; Sorbonne Université; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Canadian Space Agency; University of Namibia; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; RIKEN; Junta de Andalucía; Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku; Université Paris-Saclay; Academic Computer Centre Cyfronet, AGH University of Science and Technology; State Committee of Science; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Université de Genève; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Linnéuniversitetet; Turun Yliopisto; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Universitat de Barcelona; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; U.S. Department of Energy; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; University of Sydney; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost; Fondazione Cariplo; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Università degli Studi di Padova; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; University of Adelaide; Monash University; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Sydney University; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Université Paris Diderot; Universitetet i Oslo; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Leverhulme Trust; European Commission; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universidad de La Laguna; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; National Research Foundation; University of Oxford; University of New South Wales; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo; Université de Montpellier; University of Leicester; Universidade de São Paulo; Durham University; Vetenskapsrådet; Smithsonian Institution; Barnard College; Università degli Studi di Siena; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Sveučilište u Zagrebu; Comunidad de Madrid; Georgia Institute of Technology; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Regione Lombardia; Universidad de Jaén; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Iowa State University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Cherenkov Telescope Array; Cosmology; Astrophysics; Extragalactic background light; Redshift; Active galactic nucleus; Dark matter; Cherenkov radiation; Astronomy; Astroparticle physics; Observational cosmology; Quasar; Extragalactic astronomy; Physics beyond the Standard Model; Intergalactic travel; Observatory; Gamma ray; Galaxy; Dark energy; Particle physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002139859,0.0001638196,0.000376598,0.00001155589,0.000189476,0.00003481762,0.00007254427,0.00002673609,0.000003141186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008208204,0.0001157189,0.000100173,0.0001294136,0.000376956,0.0001775604,0.00006161064,0.0002290821,3.30465e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001814735,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002093794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000796418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001588789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989974,0.0001329206,0.0003144294,0.0001768562,0.0001330756,0.0002453446],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988429,0.0001281669,0.0005166559,0.0001466176,0.000292775,0.00007287322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005077548,0.0008287692,0.1730569,0.00007592351,0.0005105638,0.000009670422,0.001024499,0.001753671,0.7217869,0.04115492,0.00006244781,0.05922804],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004703421,0.001412127,0.04173671,0.00019369,0.0004643077,0.0001172267,0.001884763,0.00160917,0.7903676,0.1569144,0.000205544,0.000391016],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7963676,0.00003886141,0.2030082,0.0003003057,0.00006928045,0.00016355,0.0000181549,0.000002671472,0.00003135649],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956464,0.000001991077,0.003919255,0.0000565048,0.0003238343,0.00001015279,0.000004845132,0.00001594555,0.00002106695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1992787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4718879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0113310843505051,"score_gpt":0.2246353927941339,"score_spread":0.2133043084436289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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