{"id":"W3091658513","doi":"10.1145/3379597.3387472","title":"Challenges in Chatbot Development","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"AI in Service Interactions","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Chatbot; Computer science; Conversation; Focus (optics); Face (sociological concept); Software development; Natural language; Control (management); Software; Human–computer interaction; World Wide Web; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004966263,0.00004707731,0.00005238201,0.0000303695,0.00001812293,0.00002686892,0.0004450193,0.00001704492,0.00006054042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001099769,0.00004301856,0.00000994877,0.0001432805,0.000003136184,0.0002765807,0.0002003314,0.00006512464,0.0006591901],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002266477,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003247269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007172524,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001773614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994914,0.00001193703,0.0001082727,0.0001923174,0.00009119382,0.0001048803],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999738,0.00002917407,0.00001551729,0.0001464167,0.00001663617,0.0000542614],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003684032,0.00011813,0.001009465,0.00003602689,0.00001527085,0.00004709435,0.04093811,0.0001420481,0.0005552106,0.2446617,0.001877118,0.7105961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005824208,0.0001213824,0.06510358,0.00005880198,0.000001432794,0.00002655361,0.002636876,0.1110314,0.01952709,0.002850594,0.7974184,0.0006414322],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01414502,0.000542722,0.4095066,0.2970149,0.0004564368,0.0001828721,1.177413e-7,0.0006096343,0.2775417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8807826,0.00005008413,0.1151049,0.003888413,0.00003558427,0.00001430411,2.127311e-7,0.000003619387,0.0001203167],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8666376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8472774,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1670275339150223,"score_gpt":0.2947206059073065,"score_spread":0.1276930719922842,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}