{"id":"W3092950725","doi":"10.3758/s13423-020-01824-6","title":"Training-induced improvement in working memory tasks results from switching to efficient strategies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","topic":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Azrieli Foundation; Israel Science Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; European Commission","keywords":"Task (project management); Psychology; Working memory; Working memory training; Cognitive psychology; n-back; Training (meteorology); Cognition; Neuroscience","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001075004,0.0003525461,0.0007051001,0.00007186368,0.00008577639,0.00008528358,0.0004082752,0.00008588527,0.002143322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005362929,0.0003510994,0.0001775774,0.0003075897,0.00002358945,0.00002194657,0.0001297618,0.0005015454,0.001436239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000100365,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006560926,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001074319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000795291,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966843,0.0002445792,0.001197821,0.001106262,0.0001672915,0.0005997338],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981828,0.0006772894,0.000320317,0.0005259187,0.00004139743,0.0002523129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002659866,0.0001336921,0.00008713105,0.0002773603,0.00007130221,0.00003388723,0.01443742,0.00008787282,0.001654044,0.0002119199,0.007041254,0.9756981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009794769,0.001419886,0.01611577,0.02501412,0.0002461604,0.0000194313,0.05152011,0.0004110976,0.0001492698,0.0005546724,0.8920764,0.002678372],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8592938,0.0176747,0.0004099376,0.03547045,0.001520836,0.002379395,0.00005740724,0.0001966768,0.08299678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813199,0.0004910523,0.0009265277,0.016322,0.0005499686,0.0002522748,0.00002350069,0.00005316076,0.00006157844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9730198,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998941,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1171102945437314,"score_gpt":0.3392221756928903,"score_spread":0.2221118811491589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}