{"id":"W3093918870","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113545","title":"Spatially graded porous transport layers for gas evolving electrochemical energy conversion: High performance polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Conversion and Management","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Physical Measurement Laboratory; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Commission; Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking; Canada Research Chairs; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Electrolyte; Porosity; Membrane; Polymer; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Energy transformation; Electrochemistry; Electrode; Chemistry; Composite material; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005353894,0.0002003125,0.0001226636,0.0001401927,0.0001192997,0.0005060459,0.0002689078,0.0002671963,0.0006174872],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000140073,0.000105146,0.00009479803,0.0001415662,0.0002191606,0.0005061738,0.0002839299,0.000341022,0.0001485031],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003497192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001224844,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000576593,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00152396,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999591,0.00000318382,0.000002251571,0.00001101867,0.00001509519,0.000009330527],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999952,0.00001147754,0.00001410675,0.000006524155,0.00001003626,0.000005910001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005587079,0.0000347003,0.0001278944,0.00008549533,0.00000706305,0.00003979361,0.00001948003,0.001522414,0.9901085,0.002912711,0.0002088848,0.004877236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001933757,0.00008702474,0.0005247468,0.000007828194,0.00001292833,0.00005049576,0.00002844667,0.01587691,0.9805194,0.0006207133,0.00224133,0.00001081403],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9656701,0.001587668,0.026378,0.0002091829,0.00008524812,0.00002133843,0.0001833635,0.0002888655,0.005576116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932109,0.0003845094,0.004910831,0.00002620913,0.000008145782,0.000008125285,0.00004908012,0.000009085517,0.001393238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006174872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00253737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006328879651209682,"score_gpt":0.1783975554350801,"score_spread":0.1720686757838704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}