{"id":"W3094572108","doi":"10.5194/tc-15-2541-2021","title":"A method for solving heat transfer with phase change in ice or soil that allows for large time steps while guaranteeing energy conservation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"˜The œcryosphere","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Università degli Studi di Trento; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca","keywords":"Discretization; Solver; Mathematical optimization; Convergence (economics); Applied mathematics; Finite volume method; Computer science; Heat transfer; Algorithm; Mathematics; Mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005527808,0.000403975,0.000359276,0.0002889947,0.0004094012,0.000362357,0.001023823,0.000668964,0.001575067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001305175,0.0002514966,0.0006301149,0.0002926181,0.0007975233,0.0004082246,0.0006671526,0.0009266682,0.0002905858],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004638057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001687486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005604246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00658336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998485,0.00003277631,0.000007841924,0.00002263368,0.000075094,0.00001315823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997336,0.0001341829,0.00003329,0.00002767114,0.00005338357,0.00001789714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006174445,0.00007987194,0.001673671,0.0003079307,0.00004824993,0.0001895422,0.0002694293,0.8056952,0.03024265,0.08194104,0.00225883,0.07723173],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001530256,0.00002409015,0.0001332423,0.00000992373,0.00000509538,0.00003637896,0.000009057012,0.9892866,0.001981272,0.004173168,0.00431959,0.00000639252],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.007170604,0.0000925151,0.99072,0.00007627995,0.00005886599,0.0000593506,0.00004384059,0.0001680283,0.00161051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1225738,0.000129297,0.8743704,0.00006299222,0.0000325086,0.0002813818,0.0001011648,0.00016822,0.002280169],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005604246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01114321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06469967026689562,"score_gpt":0.2850385560664487,"score_spread":0.2203388857995531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}