{"id":"W3094652197","doi":"10.1038/s41598-020-75787-y","title":"Fracturing in coals with different fluids: an experimental comparison between water, liquid CO2, and supercritical CO2","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Young Scientists Fund; Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Supercritical fluid; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Geology; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002828174,0.0004349388,0.0003272491,0.0004763363,0.0003902672,0.000205106,0.0003084478,0.0004692269,0.0009467436],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005598448,0.0001730273,0.0002938277,0.0003058932,0.0006050757,0.0005722263,0.0002851319,0.0004106422,0.00008733361],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002241042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002244562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001496076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002283751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997695,0.00003392628,0.00002011435,0.00003640182,0.00008739992,0.00005271384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995729,0.0001639261,0.00007906275,0.00004227519,0.0001055709,0.00003622426],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00042973,0.0001292002,0.001233979,0.0001004301,0.000009075194,0.00006896709,0.0001080981,0.0006642709,0.995012,0.00003783171,0.00002005473,0.00218624],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001271057,0.001168095,0.004213809,0.00000494548,0.00001446717,0.00003827018,0.0001364435,0.002567434,0.9916208,0.00002664419,0.0001849636,0.00001134277],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992142,0.00008755211,0.0004996332,0.000007537612,0.000004581736,0.00001142807,0.00003509595,0.00001193193,0.0001281911],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986001,0.0001032563,0.001038106,0.00000629455,0.000003956724,0.0000161555,0.0000377113,0.000005199633,0.0001892613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001496076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003167152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01923853781876366,"score_gpt":0.2561881217526737,"score_spread":0.2369495839339101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}