{"id":"W3094812309","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.11.021053","title":"GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First Half of the Third Observing Run","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review X","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2009,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal; University of British Columbia","funders":"Division of Human Resource Development; National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; European Regional Development Fund; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; National Research Foundation; Vlaamse regering; Australian Research Council; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Ministry of Education, India; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Generalitat de Catalunya; Generalitat Valenciana; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Govern de les Illes Balears; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Russian Science Foundation; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Kavli Foundation; Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Leverhulme Trust; European Commission; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Institut des Origines de Lyon; Scottish Funding Council; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Science and Engineering Research Board; National Science Foundation; Royal Society","keywords":"LIGO; Binary black hole; Binary number; Redshift; Gravitational wave; Sky; Black hole (networking)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006324095,0.0004483447,0.0006231216,0.002005422,0.001045689,0.001070261,0.0006030814,0.0006601712,0.00139816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001475094,0.0002126654,0.0006075308,0.001670052,0.0004218869,0.0003402973,0.00168101,0.001027278,0.0006489673],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008322475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008087939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01723043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04494651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994805,0.00002461438,0.00002174695,0.0000947004,0.0001944806,0.0001838678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976051,0.0003417842,0.0006790593,0.0002735705,0.000288081,0.0008124812],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001211413,0.0003976503,0.9372855,0.00009750827,0.0002857609,0.003116452,0.001441484,0.001798598,0.02135503,0.0006516594,0.006998159,0.02536079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003322069,0.0001549422,0.9893233,0.00001255487,0.00005727986,0.0008277527,0.0002519949,0.001765917,0.003805907,0.0001539184,0.00357566,0.00003746977],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943345,0.000109382,0.0007834261,0.00007945985,0.00001923732,0.0000441794,0.002506659,0.0002870977,0.00183622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9821498,0.00008877315,0.002286415,0.0001050372,0.00004020499,0.00006377714,0.01399178,0.0001289082,0.001145392],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01723043,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03426027,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02799044359915656,"score_gpt":0.3383263174892354,"score_spread":0.3103358738900788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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