{"id":"W3094887288","doi":"10.1215/00031283-8791763","title":"<i>Wait</i>, It’s a Discourse Marker","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Speech","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Verb; Variation (astronomy); Discourse marker; Meaning (existential); Function (biology); Psychology; Sociology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009257601,0.0001844688,0.0002627457,0.00004163322,0.0002038717,0.0002651754,0.0005210612,0.0000168428,0.006079142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004345445,0.0001534725,0.0001020854,0.0001147477,0.001115595,0.0002738891,0.0001389627,0.0002065313,0.001058893],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002027962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007003237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001072095,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008300414,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988717,0.00009476915,0.0002363407,0.0002576644,0.0002577657,0.0002817175],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990358,0.00008067556,0.0001600096,0.0005026704,0.00007601238,0.0001447696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001028367,0.0002293382,0.001209359,0.00003656052,0.0002078691,0.00009033696,0.1409861,0.00000610281,0.00042421,0.3326362,0.4338098,0.09026128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002428571,0.0001284598,0.0003473239,0.00001497245,0.00004251068,0.000005460143,0.177771,0.00005751605,0.0001282983,0.0005823709,0.8203472,0.0003319448],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08931597,0.0001983424,0.00007512909,0.06247702,0.000166529,0.0002034267,0.00007174007,0.0003024462,0.8471894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778947,0.00006212333,0.0008062909,0.01266375,0.0006390649,0.00002399725,0.00003257944,0.0000385775,0.007838947],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8885787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997189,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04647680382892091,"score_gpt":0.301391317257425,"score_spread":0.2549145134285041,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}