{"id":"W3094910553","doi":"10.1038/s41561-020-00646-4","title":"Permian–Triassic mass extinction pulses driven by major marine carbon cycle perturbations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Geoscience","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ; European Commission","keywords":"Extinction event; Geology; Permian–Triassic extinction event; Carbon cycle; Permian; Isotopes of carbon; Paleontology; Phanerozoic; Earth science; Biogeochemical cycle; Early Triassic; Seawater; Extinction (optical mineralogy); Oceanography; Ecosystem; Total organic carbon; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002543765,0.0002010634,0.0002109251,0.000581597,0.0004407617,0.0006727253,0.0003451928,0.0004919087,0.009120133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001081304,0.0002057271,0.0002109669,0.0005162457,0.0004762305,0.0003683924,0.000844172,0.0004591063,0.0006603852],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006653541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005366133,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009061535,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008736171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999427,0.000005002064,0.000004539782,0.00002259134,0.000008922637,0.00001626512],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997601,0.00003678241,0.00006474923,0.00002368217,0.00004902448,0.00006579499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002717738,0.0002441871,0.7818897,0.0002791844,0.0005969203,0.001775235,0.001472077,0.01822578,0.1183567,0.009998084,0.008123703,0.05632077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003638973,0.00007850832,0.9881216,0.00001615071,0.00004824729,0.0001977631,0.0003085455,0.005115316,0.002343046,0.001069125,0.00265282,0.00001249866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940718,0.0001315962,0.0002692895,0.0003900185,0.00003512119,0.000005631589,0.0006766607,0.00008121783,0.004338592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991809,0.00006102152,0.00005493814,0.00006231568,0.00001526779,0.00000335789,0.0002199107,0.00001327005,0.000389153],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009120133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03050989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007976550792163433,"score_gpt":0.2103999550411933,"score_spread":0.2024234042490298,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}