{"id":"W3095012872","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0240966","title":"How long do new medicines take to reach Canadian patients after companies file a submission: A cohort study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Notice; Marketing authorization; Medicine; Authorization; Product (mathematics); Family medicine; Business; Marketing; Computer science; Political science; Bioinformatics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001318847,0.000180182,0.0005546654,0.0001684956,0.00007476959,0.0001616425,0.0002595567,0.00006305326,0.005043546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003207184,0.0001993239,0.00005614404,0.0002398737,0.00002220755,0.0001410574,0.00008360538,0.0001704941,0.0009851801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000136986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007068661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01155081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01157336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986798,0.0000126509,0.0003873097,0.0004595896,0.0000668298,0.0003938646],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998271,0.00003671891,0.0001060382,0.0002675897,0.00004190354,0.001276717],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003946987,0.0005371424,0.9406897,0.00002949153,0.0002033411,0.00001069028,0.001442104,0.000002372185,0.000001791789,0.0002636626,0.05647292,0.0003072519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009060418,0.000389815,0.8916816,0.00003970726,0.00004455795,2.014988e-7,0.00009139612,0.000640021,0.00002270182,0.0003710577,0.1054613,0.0003516368],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.951579,0.0003413291,0.00001025026,0.03806143,0.00009328403,0.0009370854,0.001313022,0.00003243561,0.007632115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866447,0.00003747566,0.0001385732,0.01126768,0.0004343044,0.00009969116,0.0000760839,0.0000318653,0.001269558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04900823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997927,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1015230923290285,"score_gpt":0.2457403020434899,"score_spread":0.1442172097144614,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}