{"id":"W3096036598","doi":"10.1080/00220388.2020.1808197","title":"Rural Youth Welfare along the Rural-urban Gradient: An Empirical Analysis across the Developing World","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Development Studies","topic":"Rural development and sustainability","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Welfare; Quarter (Canadian coin); Geography; Development economics; Survey data collection; Economic growth; Population; Demographic economics; Rural area; Latin Americans; Extreme poverty; Economics; Socioeconomics; Political science; Demography; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001514421,0.0002909215,0.0004485066,0.002626598,0.001027427,0.00135916,0.000682753,0.0003908195,0.002751378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004993423,0.0002868273,0.0005087626,0.006997136,0.0009905447,0.001158015,0.002086426,0.0009739988,0.0004226946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008390496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007216903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06288183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04637211,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999079,0.0004232551,0.00005389307,0.0001036658,0.00009352355,0.0002466243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953001,0.001645736,0.001864316,0.0001950383,0.0003562549,0.0006385206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003594258,0.0001012014,0.9948808,0.00002757958,0.00004512919,0.0002036808,0.001483957,0.0002794907,0.00003373512,0.0002298388,0.000342495,0.002336216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009395199,0.00007909261,0.9817867,0.00003865035,0.00004573488,0.0001658813,0.01551252,0.001365983,0.00004948889,0.0001329678,0.0008056639,0.000007960396],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988249,0.0001252871,0.00009805833,0.00007975569,0.000001294997,0.00001252727,0.0004911844,0.000002034074,0.000364989],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984899,0.0002790571,0.0001040019,0.00003057029,0.000004068698,0.00002894505,0.0008654461,0.000003148271,0.0001948396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06288183,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1250317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0598012420843344,"score_gpt":0.2998320565232044,"score_spread":0.24003081443887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}