{"id":"W3096414010","doi":"10.1177/0008125620973713","title":"Tackling Societal Challenges with Open Innovation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"California Management Review","topic":"Business Strategy and Innovation","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Novo Nordisk Fonden; Novo Nordisk","keywords":"Open innovation; Set (abstract data type); Business; Social innovation; Section (typography); Marketing; Knowledge management; Public relations; Political science; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01864,0.0008567623,0.0008313741,0.003586697,0.006149613,0.01707323,0.001506418,0.01195152,0.006622933],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02467449,0.0004636401,0.001079375,0.002940879,0.01510733,0.02262338,0.01176372,0.01233607,0.001320884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006023285,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01419468,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002889896,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005463366,"domain_scores_codex":[0.982509,0.008654893,0.0007269096,0.0008570023,0.005498954,0.001753215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9708176,0.01984555,0.001853253,0.001713032,0.004382257,0.001388255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004962363,0.00001852176,0.0002573026,0.0005257762,0.00003391134,0.0001453928,0.001142672,0.0008380028,0.0002191213,0.9350677,0.01894733,0.04279936],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004896623,0.0000253579,0.0003763575,0.001164702,0.00001419162,0.0001503883,0.002178455,0.000466463,0.0002589482,0.5881535,0.40718,0.00002661858],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006979012,0.2062527,0.03904594,0.4986734,0.007145261,0.0001245303,0.00007002179,0.0001237347,0.2415854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3969377,0.4261917,0.03270853,0.09354854,0.01871045,0.0005769279,0.0001439429,0.000189882,0.03099222],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09857893,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08160659177615183,"score_gpt":0.2772044917251608,"score_spread":0.195597899949009,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}