{"id":"W3097319917","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.0c05279","title":"Methane Emissions from Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells in California","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":83,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Chevron; GDF Suez; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Methane; Casing; Water well; Methane emissions; Oil well; Environmental science; Plume; Natural gas; Fossil fuel; Idle; Injection well; Petroleum engineering; Environmental engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Geology; Chemistry; Waste management; Engineering; Meteorology; Groundwater; Geography; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002624252,0.0003597582,0.0002381468,0.0008523746,0.0009056308,0.000678665,0.0004005063,0.0002611938,0.0005133408],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003488779,0.0002799172,0.0001884065,0.001390567,0.0003809333,0.0003455868,0.0003301379,0.0003094064,0.00006564449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002162962,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001166602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2962753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4464344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996682,0.00001475117,0.00001486225,0.0001022664,0.0001562774,0.00004361615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996058,0.00005671483,0.0001223083,0.00001969134,0.0001429356,0.00005255669],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000424994,0.0001964291,0.9401596,0.0002185715,0.0001284911,0.0005475313,0.001026026,0.00293975,0.02257772,0.0002656259,0.002819459,0.02869568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003421769,0.0001055657,0.9908634,0.00003698389,0.00005838526,0.00007024704,0.0007098734,0.001692951,0.003297289,0.00006928828,0.003039915,0.00002180681],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977319,0.0001573336,0.00011389,0.00003028405,0.000003665383,0.000007150367,0.0006750308,0.00002433819,0.001256422],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977334,0.0002931139,0.0004645706,0.00001877184,0.000003495784,0.00001071243,0.0008904469,0.000005310979,0.0005802336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2962753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5891017,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004740082369442985,"score_gpt":0.1892438806142817,"score_spread":0.1845037982448388,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}