{"id":"W3097365712","doi":"10.5210/fm.v25i11.10869","title":"Crowdfunding during COVID-19: An international comparison of online fundraising","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"First Monday","topic":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; Business; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Sample (material); Microfinance; Marketing; Public relations; Political science; Economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001353286,0.0002304407,0.0003316066,0.0002650966,0.0002838046,0.0003722343,0.0008204323,0.00008251594,0.0006724774],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00175043,0.0002549881,0.0001060735,0.0005943366,0.00009445524,0.002407833,0.0005772824,0.0002205621,0.0001298142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001076877,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004334062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002245463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004681831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983057,0.000005996019,0.0005332765,0.0004553462,0.0003739671,0.0003257168],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989895,0.00005225206,0.0004519563,0.0003034894,0.0001180723,0.00008468609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005082951,0.0008218432,0.9323943,0.002167468,0.0001320757,0.0001079791,0.00759632,0.0101236,0.01802084,0.01210737,0.01224125,0.003778594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00152611,0.00006228711,0.1364491,0.0002336526,0.0000454619,0.000006366521,0.0006642306,0.06196117,0.002046232,0.0006781005,0.7956169,0.0007103381],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9865568,0.00005689881,0.002366439,0.005948742,0.0005217258,0.0001626382,0.00004618759,0.0003147736,0.004025746],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961349,0.000004050652,0.0006438271,0.001798745,0.001064739,0.000006058929,0.0001716156,0.00004872855,0.0001272949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7959452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07300319674558811,"score_gpt":0.3151199217948347,"score_spread":0.2421167250492466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}