{"id":"W3098322373","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.104.022002","title":"IceCube high-energy starting event sample: Description and flux characterization with 7.5 years of data","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical review. D/Physical review. D.","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":373,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Snolab","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Polar Programs; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics; Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University; RWTH Aachen University; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Carlsbergfondet; Marsden Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation; UK Research and Innovation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Oxford; Marquette University; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Australian Research Council; Western Canada Research Grid; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Polarforskningssekretariatet; University of Maryland; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; National Research Foundation of Korea; Villum Fonden; Chiba University; Royal Society; Compute Canada; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; National Research Foundation; Michigan State University","keywords":"Characterization (materials science); Event (particle physics); Sample (material); Flux (metallurgy); Environmental science; Computer science; Astrophysics; Physics; Materials science; Optics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001982035,0.0003798038,0.00120327,0.00002437197,0.00009239498,0.00005235676,0.0004194769,0.00001699669,0.00005762665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006638724,0.0003300093,0.0002196463,0.0006011784,0.000108027,0.0006096639,0.0004472852,0.0002603218,0.00002815665],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003206804,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001486096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001138158,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002282871,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997434,0.0002188168,0.000615897,0.0007954951,0.0005282285,0.0004076181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976738,0.0001920058,0.0005683899,0.001102333,0.0002469275,0.0002165055],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002917573,0.001718565,0.00284265,0.002988354,0.0003340677,0.000006635431,0.00008897276,0.000008114766,0.1108452,0.1939044,0.00083784,0.6863959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004115777,0.001843028,0.05243671,0.0563588,0.006835593,0.00001095894,0.0002311825,0.01705554,0.0402979,0.690036,0.1258379,0.004940622],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9624135,0.007580014,0.02723048,0.0006907333,0.00007668956,0.0006102352,0.0007630221,0.00004133418,0.0005939697],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849187,0.009632967,0.0008125981,0.0007389181,0.0006974128,0.00008952864,0.003012677,0.00005494436,0.00004222306],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6814553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02067412475901566,"score_gpt":0.3497726521836927,"score_spread":0.3290985274246771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}