{"id":"W3103249958","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/201834878/pdf","title":"","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":148,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Aspen Center for Physics; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Physics; Redshift; Photometric redshift; Astrophysics; Weak gravitational lensing; Planck; Cosmic microwave background; Dark energy; COSMIC cancer database; Cosmic infrared background; Galaxy; Cosmic variance; Omega; Redshift survey; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Gravitational lens; South Pole Telescope; Astronomy; Cosmology; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002323377,0.0005415821,0.0008876608,0.0008584082,0.00176543,0.0001343922,0.002258618,0.0001811495,0.01603316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002488239,0.000668218,0.000511313,0.003267528,0.001450943,0.003538743,0.001460004,0.001453814,0.00004646186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002868753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005805779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001801769,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000194844,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9932334,0.0003375848,0.0006907019,0.0011709,0.002722133,0.001845309],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942586,0.0006098984,0.0004440987,0.0009446131,0.00218391,0.00155881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004433296,0.0003459798,0.804257,0.00002791087,0.0002898146,0.000001054993,0.06812849,0.0002218262,0.002657672,0.002406961,0.1207751,0.0004448712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005873153,0.001287494,0.6338086,0.0001398493,0.0001187686,0.000002497663,0.3039362,0.01494463,0.001812663,0.02135661,0.01550502,0.001214513],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9804001,0.00008250683,0.005539489,0.01080059,0.0003483446,0.0009640029,0.00008486833,0.0001988359,0.001581306],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959762,0.00005967957,0.001079872,0.0000141901,0.0019199,0.00001199303,0.00016271,0.00004557623,0.0007298989],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2358078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06608703187752865,"score_gpt":0.2702077095041239,"score_spread":0.2041206776265952,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}