{"id":"W3104172677","doi":"10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.11.007","title":"A meta-research study revealed several challenges in obtaining placebos for investigator-initiated drug trials","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; Impact","funders":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Cancer Research UK; Medical Research Council; National Institute for Health and Care Research; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre","keywords":"Medicine; Placebo; Randomized controlled trial; Alternative medicine; Drug trial; Clinical trial; Drug; Meta-analysis; Family medicine; Medical physics; Psychiatry; Internal medicine; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"methods","study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.5140892,0.002824427,0.01002821,0.007799901,0.001505785,0.007579031,0.003103237,0.004924921,0.004490025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.6787019,0.002189933,0.02372806,0.01216576,0.003335057,0.01004634,0.002991102,0.004445857,0.0007561791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004404652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008591873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002010804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004687514,"domain_scores_codex":[0.3440077,0.5074166,0.1039979,0.01643912,0.02652697,0.001611733],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.09857101,0.8241123,0.04348147,0.0211189,0.01197427,0.0007421219],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01131305,0.0001739099,0.06500426,0.3346712,0.419689,0.0007301089,0.001813704,0.002061855,0.0009754073,0.008565829,0.00674571,0.1482559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006964072,0.003329551,0.06974127,0.230189,0.6062965,0.00188779,0.001133668,0.003893869,0.002884489,0.02695561,0.0463264,0.0003977367],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01997917,0.8799717,0.07340804,0.01388058,0.002613654,0.003780548,0.002429729,0.0002869455,0.003649773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6895385,0.1700505,0.09991106,0.02216487,0.004663057,0.01029146,0.001928906,0.0005168146,0.000934866],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4859108,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5992146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9597744127864302,"score_gpt":0.6432830640147714,"score_spread":0.3164913487716587,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}