{"id":"W3104303844","doi":"10.1029/2019ja027233","title":"Characteristics of Electron Precipitation During 40 Energetic Electron Injections Inferred via Subionospheric VLF Signal Propagation","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Nuclear Security Administration; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Calgary; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Electron precipitation; Amplitude; Physics; Electron; Very low frequency; Ionosphere; Flux (metallurgy); Phase (matter); Computational physics; Precipitation; Van Allen radiation belt; Geophysics; Atmospheric sciences; Astrophysics; Magnetosphere; Meteorology; Astronomy; Nuclear physics; Optics; Materials science; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002945873,0.0002488836,0.0005131423,0.00005255223,0.0002075505,0.00008183828,0.0003142417,0.00007289026,0.00008622945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008197726,0.0002354795,0.0002922888,0.001050025,0.0001446649,0.0005697245,0.00009858931,0.00107228,0.00003170106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001469147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004997054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000163821,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004078708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972931,0.0002682443,0.0006534854,0.0002674052,0.0009320135,0.0005857543],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973515,0.0002259227,0.0006662027,0.0001922086,0.00128903,0.0002751945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001838704,0.001809722,0.00747334,0.000274186,0.0004394863,0.00001153668,0.001875144,0.004312594,0.9343858,0.02209533,0.0006596969,0.02482449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003148649,0.008258378,0.08681383,0.0002338374,0.000297805,0.000009137373,0.0007673232,0.05833365,0.7966174,0.04366162,0.0009050462,0.0009532479],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9476699,0.00003293567,0.05083893,0.000545341,0.00009326564,0.0003118221,0.00001304663,0.00001691237,0.0004778651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997075,0.00003301864,0.0006227566,0.00001384916,0.001951279,0.00001591709,0.00003807191,0.00004482945,0.0002052855],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1377683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9602575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01427248630886094,"score_gpt":0.2810203866318477,"score_spread":0.2667479003229868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}