{"id":"W3104613963","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202038505/pdf","title":"","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Australian Astronomical Optics-Macquarie; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Harvard University; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Carnegie Mellon University; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; York University; Office of Science; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Princeton University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Ohio State University; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Yale University; Vanderbilt University; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; National Science Foundation; ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics; European Commission","keywords":"Physics; Weak gravitational lensing; Astrophysics; Photometric redshift; Redshift; Galaxy; Strong gravitational lensing; Gravitational lens; Dark matter; Astronomy; Amplitude; Redshift survey; Cosmic variance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002034322,0.0004189587,0.0004613765,0.00034721,0.001180429,0.0004005163,0.001177714,0.00008471101,0.005179211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003316576,0.0004011812,0.0002392888,0.002050658,0.0004909314,0.002304438,0.0007230744,0.001336944,0.0003319481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001942256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003593731,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002913404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002490742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9936433,0.0003904471,0.0007933526,0.0009002283,0.002352949,0.001919672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961622,0.00042215,0.00015264,0.0007534216,0.001186826,0.001322803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001137828,0.0001720593,0.9013183,0.00001481675,0.00009985048,1.363348e-7,0.03225813,0.0001021619,0.001411961,0.006538062,0.05768479,0.0002859381],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001989042,0.0004526342,0.9192551,0.00003113566,0.00001513443,8.888592e-7,0.03142968,0.006074803,0.004277002,0.02535108,0.01053226,0.0005912833],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9815261,0.00007070791,0.001381075,0.01454135,0.0002802268,0.0008944902,0.00002741854,0.0002248101,0.001053758],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993243,0.00001356979,0.0004300324,0.00003711085,0.005142854,0.0006928685,0.0001332179,0.0000655948,0.000241729],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04715252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09017768877946233,"score_gpt":0.323260848878514,"score_spread":0.2330831600990517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}