{"id":"W3106585202","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511998553","title":"Natural Categories and Human Kinds","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":263,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Essentialism; Metaphysics; Naturalism; Natural (archaeology); Epistemology; Natural science; Venn diagram; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Natural kind; History; Psychology; Identity (music); Archaeology; Aesthetics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001098376,0.0003077179,0.0003227847,0.001772743,0.002421072,0.004155841,0.000624963,0.00117242,0.005653444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001640477,0.0001756755,0.000322901,0.00157267,0.01992451,0.004791689,0.002670666,0.001729374,0.0009897499],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00308765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001229224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002831261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002399598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989545,0.0005076288,0.00003345695,0.0001323059,0.000251604,0.0001204764],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991558,0.0004810548,0.00006333274,0.0001366888,0.00009655468,0.00006648261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[8.113801e-7,8.270044e-7,0.00002870628,0.000007704946,6.001542e-7,0.000005348882,0.0003690069,0.00003530242,0.00001084607,0.9959583,0.001020365,0.002562258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001351992,0.00000212987,0.0001477199,0.00002091047,6.166636e-7,0.0000321386,0.0002458245,0.00006807596,0.00001354979,0.9238937,0.07557204,0.000001975922],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0105688,0.02113103,0.0153539,0.009221215,0.000364569,0.00004125743,0.0001453272,0.00008409719,0.9430898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8427579,0.01504429,0.01950232,0.003621636,0.0007365642,0.0003649437,0.0005360147,0.00008557395,0.1173507],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005653444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02240258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02888440356107656,"score_gpt":0.1814549034181362,"score_spread":0.1525704998570596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}