{"id":"W3106585202","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511998553","title":"Natural Categories and Human Kinds","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":263,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Essentialism; Metaphysics; Naturalism; Natural (archaeology); Epistemology; Natural science; Venn diagram; Philosophy of science; Philosophy; Natural kind; History; Psychology; Identity (music); Archaeology; Aesthetics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004968218,0.0002743612,0.0002884129,0.0001655904,0.001139924,0.0002038632,0.0004436621,0.0001313372,0.00003532098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002432988,0.0002913124,0.00009879962,0.000002871488,0.002227259,0.0003011065,0.0002363721,0.0004268504,0.00002709914],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001592001,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001034012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007552218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005237468,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990253,0.00002543316,0.0001179163,0.0003900582,0.0002049805,0.0002362518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992996,0.00002614859,0.0001438671,0.0002703816,0.0001345293,0.0001254156],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006050359,0.00000426663,2.037186e-7,0.00005398068,0.0000251216,0.00003154811,0.001315613,2.017379e-8,0.00001526099,0.7418962,0.2565442,0.0001075083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000195575,0.00005502666,0.000009215745,0.0000560373,0.00007825411,0.000004786903,0.000225326,0.000002963047,0.00001163834,0.0002918372,0.9987025,0.0003667881],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006766541,0.0003828827,9.244703e-7,0.00002577348,0.0006347097,0.0001895396,0.0001157304,0.0001128507,0.9978609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02019578,0.00001303371,0.000005581383,0.0000950275,0.0006194423,8.082786e-7,0.00005129469,0.00001978434,0.9789993],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7421584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02888440356107656,"score_gpt":0.1814549034181362,"score_spread":0.1525704998570596,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}