{"id":"W3107770851","doi":"10.3138/utlj.2020-0056","title":"A unified model of public law: Charter values and reasonableness review in Canada","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Toronto Law Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Charter; Supreme court; Administrative law; Proportionality (law); Jurisprudence; Law; Normative; Judicial review; Political science; Constitutional law; Law and economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002147827,0.00003791706,0.0001609537,0.000003820756,0.0003403359,0.000005605422,0.000129863,0.00001675,0.0001338202],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002553168,0.00003906883,0.0000277843,0.00003098771,0.0002803025,0.0002782151,0.0000399065,0.00005094096,1.8491e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002694132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000748119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.992961,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9984792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994528,0.00007911886,0.00008887488,0.00006032545,0.0002163969,0.0001025396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999632,0.00002144922,0.00008130735,0.00002464937,0.0001341715,0.0001063986],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003055709,0.00002310799,0.003191814,0.00008520206,0.00005192629,0.00002057162,0.005693146,0.00003476511,0.00002094359,0.986123,0.001863598,0.002861374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004549488,0.0003184379,0.02154215,0.004484633,0.0005100715,0.00002084215,0.2589708,0.002741386,0.00004962131,0.06207794,0.6434866,0.001248035],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1145762,0.07274581,0.0004771097,0.04184964,0.0001840103,0.0003173835,0.00007060929,0.00001473661,0.7697644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9812864,0.01807637,0.0001048834,0.0004662608,0.0000245919,2.680476e-8,3.392757e-7,8.339788e-7,0.00004028772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9240451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2617623,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04024943727911658,"score_gpt":0.2285426591580825,"score_spread":0.1882932218789659,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}