{"id":"W3108990561","doi":"10.5430/ijfr.v11n6p25","title":"Behavioral Bias in Individual Investment Decisions: Is It a Common Phenomenon in Stock Markets?","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Financial Research","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Loss aversion; Overconfidence effect; Representativeness heuristic; Behavioral economics; Regret; Investment decisions; Stock exchange; Stock market; Stock (firearms); Economics; Business; Econometrics; Financial economics; Actuarial science; Microeconomics; Finance; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00320791,0.0001664189,0.0004946647,0.001296363,0.00006177713,0.0002136133,0.001081981,0.0001425815,0.0006141764],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002039433,0.0001777902,0.0001452486,0.0007572633,0.0001386067,0.0006123724,0.0002790053,0.0009210617,0.0001155412],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004796988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003900308,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005504743,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002761018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970471,0.0001279665,0.001500988,0.0003219403,0.0005680505,0.0004339945],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986116,0.0003078026,0.0004755202,0.0001465873,0.000277036,0.0001814237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002716021,0.002105905,0.5522112,0.00003558316,0.00009440882,0.001464527,0.0137593,0.0001290621,0.00009864308,0.2740144,0.0625743,0.09079664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002696622,0.0009951015,0.804297,0.0002699841,0.000003125484,0.00001445441,0.0003620888,0.0004402846,0.00008364089,0.07051615,0.120051,0.0002704912],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9724627,0.00139335,0.00004590789,0.01119799,0.0005246422,0.0002603156,0.0001459426,0.000003899735,0.01396532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948544,0.00106279,0.0004532863,0.003084165,0.0003551363,0.00002159585,0.000009343955,0.00001828672,0.0001410122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2520858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7250075,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4222829282958755,"score_gpt":0.4180866609516516,"score_spread":0.004196267344223958,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}