{"id":"W3109309468","doi":"10.1111/jfb.14635","title":"Determining the appropriate pretreatment procedures and the utility of liver tissue for bulk stable isotope (<scp>δ<sup>13</sup>C</scp> and <scp>δ<sup>15</sup>N</scp>) studies in sharks","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fish Biology","topic":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Carcharias; Biology; Urea; Extraction (chemistry); Liver tissue; Carcharhinus; Isotope; Chloroform; Isotope analysis; Stable isotope ratio; Zoology; Biochemistry; Animal science; Ecology; Chromatography; Endocrinology; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001198906,0.0005248497,0.0002575149,0.0003517515,0.0005676803,0.0007054076,0.0003415174,0.0005470596,0.001073754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001377731,0.0002994733,0.0002289369,0.0002247933,0.0007731756,0.0004840853,0.0003253077,0.0003611956,0.0005247323],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003337993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000664567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003490393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.010628,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995239,0.00009154004,0.00005951888,0.000152617,0.0000971385,0.00007530481],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993765,0.0001860964,0.0001306684,0.00005882475,0.0002084405,0.00003946393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007317574,0.00001859926,0.004022362,0.00005821984,0.000009057243,0.00003366208,0.00005284935,0.0001055683,0.9931896,0.00005072444,0.00002290542,0.002363312],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001141329,0.0007109881,0.06299812,0.00003517855,0.00005327208,0.0002672846,0.0003289451,0.001517252,0.9317144,0.0001090819,0.002233095,0.00002090883],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801342,0.0006035238,0.01705888,0.0001040948,0.00005463306,0.0001921886,0.0003349762,0.00006512608,0.001452204],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9550434,0.0008155929,0.0410565,0.000235081,0.00001962497,0.0003255536,0.0007593663,0.00007579984,0.001669071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003490393,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006940126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02778058321646623,"score_gpt":0.271893765533724,"score_spread":0.2441131823172578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}