{"id":"W3109580876","doi":"10.7202/1075599ar","title":"The Presumption of Restraint and Implicit Law","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"McGill Law Journal","topic":"Criminal Law and Evidence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Presumption; Supreme court; Law; Political science; Statute; Statutory interpretation; Legislation; Interpretation (philosophy); Sovereignty; Law and economics; Sociology; Politics; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007914411,0.00004010203,0.00007074062,0.000005393078,0.003997734,0.0001022273,0.0001106984,0.00003485587,0.00005996171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001126189,0.0000282628,0.00004436954,0.00004925264,0.0003604587,0.0001627418,0.00003375659,0.0001319335,0.000003374541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002834719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001541877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004119172,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08739039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992042,0.0001513427,0.0001594979,0.00007369707,0.0002454302,0.0001658216],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994441,0.0001688095,0.00007841382,0.00008031247,0.0001378185,0.0000904918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001022439,0.000008762346,0.00004664287,0.00000403228,0.000006932569,0.00001501333,0.0003351907,0.000002221687,0.0007100054,0.9928055,0.0001514335,0.00590408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008602494,0.00002639825,0.0010824,0.00003970527,0.00001561294,0.00009310539,0.001952007,0.000002715483,0.001645712,0.02445913,0.9705508,0.00004643097],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1421513,0.001685622,0.00003368593,0.01933783,0.000590719,0.0001008387,0.00001495314,0.00001933208,0.8360657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984155,0.0009395781,0.0001327545,0.0001111942,0.0001471132,7.916274e-7,1.987126e-7,0.000002905725,0.00025],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9703993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972989,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04284059987133092,"score_gpt":0.3357891345843867,"score_spread":0.2929485347130558,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}