{"id":"W3109951759","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23949","title":"Two‐phase flow‐patterns identification in oil/gas pipelines based on fractal analysis","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pipeline transport; Fractal; Flow (mathematics); Fractal analysis; Pipeline (software); Petroleum engineering; Two-phase flow; Multiphase flow; Mechanics; Fractal dimension; Engineering; Mathematics; Physics; Mechanical engineering; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002918897,0.0002314495,0.0003237478,0.002049939,0.0002214459,0.0003609276,0.0001652521,0.0002410707,0.0004919847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001123479,0.0001319009,0.0002815996,0.0009176251,0.0003634696,0.0004646318,0.0001944138,0.0001916667,0.00005538917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003067781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001721467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001752627,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001066674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998897,0.00002663738,0.000008404218,0.00002539808,0.00003433235,0.00001540968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999276,0.0003292722,0.0001371614,0.00004384447,0.0001808037,0.00003302996],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00100315,0.0003905499,0.0767032,0.0004721109,0.000165234,0.001508486,0.0008253994,0.2929358,0.4039784,0.008226524,0.001247665,0.2125435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009624344,0.00008786131,0.04337065,0.00001125069,0.00001850391,0.0001838468,0.00008783433,0.9405904,0.01351214,0.001710141,0.0003788712,0.00003886886],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9250272,0.0001762199,0.07344867,0.00005630614,0.00001294318,0.0000338112,0.0001531421,0.0001848443,0.0009068481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940838,0.00003243189,0.005752462,0.000002664375,0.000003144091,0.000006624636,0.0000495961,0.000004911424,0.00006425445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002049939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003484845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01906004076277389,"score_gpt":0.2030883592545991,"score_spread":0.1840283184918252,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}