{"id":"W3109994094","doi":"10.1121/1.5147840","title":"Perception and lexical representation of Mandarin tones by nonnative listeners","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Mandarin Chinese; Priming (agriculture); ABX test; Tone (literature); Repetition (rhetorical device); Repetition priming; Lexicon; Perception; Psychology; Prime (order theory); Linguistics; Word (group theory); Second language; Speech recognition; Computer science; Mathematics; Lexical decision task; Natural language processing; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000644327,0.0003366896,0.0002892637,0.0002823435,0.0002902126,0.0008991833,0.0002449933,0.0005015281,0.00253055],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00287221,0.0002271226,0.0001503677,0.0000940802,0.0004793372,0.0005422152,0.0005983442,0.0002845486,0.0005880699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009645055,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001431936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009323388,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001122104,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999698,0.00007616427,0.00002609791,0.00008563305,0.00007259665,0.00004150789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989358,0.0005029562,0.0001190817,0.00009931781,0.0001739946,0.0001689308],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001261693,0.000130817,0.0464092,0.0001158823,0.00003053775,0.0006127427,0.00703615,0.00009225235,0.9317209,0.0001630739,0.00007955563,0.01234728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001232889,0.003151419,0.8785121,0.0000311201,0.00007413264,0.002523278,0.008430481,0.00148833,0.1038792,0.0004951997,0.001227568,0.00006380329],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992077,0.00002293835,0.0001605065,0.000006183389,0.000001668214,0.000002736775,0.000008229126,0.0000066429,0.0005834743],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990423,0.0000391251,0.0003938031,0.00002358838,0.000004818249,0.000007216162,0.0000350317,0.000008624243,0.000445386],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00253055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008465528,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03712778428537949,"score_gpt":0.3552904067830531,"score_spread":0.3181626224976736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}