{"id":"W3110220146","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30489-7","title":"Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Lancet Global Health","topic":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3038,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Sistema Nacional de Investigadores; National Health and Medical Research Council; Wolkite University; Adigrat University; Pan American Health Organization; Moorfields Eye Charity; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; University of Thessaly; University of Gondar; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Universitas Indonesia; United Arab Emirates University; International Medical University; Xiamen University; Bahir Dar University; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mahatma Gandhi University; Universidade de São Paulo; Shiraz University; Universidade do Minho; Haramaya University; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali; University of Crete; University Of Nigeria Nsukka; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Ain Shams University; Western Sydney University; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Universität Heidelberg; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; An-Najah National University; Public Health England; Public Health Foundation of India; University College London; Indian Council of Medical Research; National Heart Foundation of Australia; Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; Research to Prevent Blindness; Seoul National University Hospital; Rajshahi University; Jawaharlal Institute Of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research; Queen's University Belfast; University of Central Punjab; Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành; Shahroud University of Medical Sciences; Medical Research Council; University of Calcutta; Duke-NUS Medical School; Fred Hollows Foundation; Fight for Sight; Trường Đại học Duy Tân; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Università degli Studi di Milano; Iran University of Medical Sciences; National Eye Institute; National Institute for Health and Care Research; King's College London; Brien Holden Vision Institute; International Glaucoma Association; National Institutes of Health; Semnan University; Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; Anglia Ruskin University; University of Utah; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman; Babol University of Medical Sciences; York University; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Univerzita Karlova v Praze; Universidade do Porto; Seoul National University; Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; University of Pennsylvania; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Sightsavers International; Queen's University; Harvard University; Division of Human Resource Development; Hamad Medical Corporation; Middlesex University; Bournemouth University; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Visual impairment; Medicine; Population; Visual acuity; Macular degeneration; Blindness; Optometry; Ophthalmology; Environmental health; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00929141,0.001006283,0.004507815,0.004896304,0.0003663422,0.001418434,0.001009817,0.001074576,0.001585201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01827577,0.0009924122,0.02679295,0.007743602,0.0004712696,0.001167176,0.001610471,0.001509874,0.0002332835],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001664554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002579673,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02787725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03858555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939644,0.002057809,0.001760221,0.001033635,0.0008890375,0.0002950194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9923016,0.003453844,0.002430361,0.0003860795,0.001218899,0.0002091738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002537462,0.0000341306,0.3610417,0.1385334,0.4535166,0.0002094798,0.0003248022,0.00205435,0.0002870908,0.0009488886,0.009173641,0.03133852],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001070485,0.0004328294,0.4017491,0.04088675,0.5365171,0.0006464928,0.0004765891,0.00175873,0.0002759694,0.001706371,0.01433268,0.0001469913],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03762368,0.9391264,0.00120392,0.001035428,0.0002972575,0.0002145888,0.01965845,0.00004422483,0.0007959638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.665652,0.3140718,0.003150786,0.001727065,0.0003547843,0.001267244,0.01324635,0.00004930131,0.000480687],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02787725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05542994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05259268997975095,"score_gpt":0.476137967459598,"score_spread":0.423545277479847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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