{"id":"W3111884354","doi":"10.5210/fm.v26i1.11075","title":"Shades of hatred online: 4chan duplicate circulation surge during hybrid media events","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"First Monday","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hatred; Phenomenon; Circulation (fluid dynamics); White (mutation); Political science; Computer science; History; Sociology; Media studies; Politics; Law; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009449102,0.0001239571,0.000171261,0.00007965243,0.0001107059,0.00003327921,0.0005430927,0.00004588058,0.00003042906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001192803,0.0001262976,0.00008857804,0.0003763034,0.00001737792,0.0002918616,0.0001992005,0.0001110948,0.00006739656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002826927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002717122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003625809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006459406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988471,0.00003285651,0.0002657609,0.0003467264,0.0002877136,0.0002198561],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992136,0.00004214369,0.0001357822,0.0004086783,0.00005801588,0.0001418241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004683207,0.001594852,0.214773,0.001961031,0.0006032147,0.0005560159,0.1379426,0.03899717,0.4904286,0.001648136,0.007804072,0.103223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001602734,0.0001662474,0.5132898,0.0001764753,0.00003256815,0.00005089168,0.00005853236,0.1670439,0.2999963,0.001034882,0.01581004,0.0007376062],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807459,0.0000695859,0.01668925,0.001874001,0.0002595256,0.0001174394,0.00001729256,0.0001990898,0.00002795398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974186,0.00002352457,0.002285288,0.00006414496,0.0001347283,0.000007232241,0.00002518867,0.00001267697,0.00002864697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2985168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5150268,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02020176290101351,"score_gpt":0.2059927568286581,"score_spread":0.1857909939276446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}