{"id":"W3111884354","doi":"10.5210/fm.v26i1.11075","title":"Shades of hatred online: 4chan duplicate circulation surge during hybrid media events","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"First Monday","topic":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hatred; Phenomenon; Circulation (fluid dynamics); White (mutation); Political science; Computer science; History; Sociology; Media studies; Politics; Law; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005701358,0.0002155869,0.000292687,0.001435531,0.001589046,0.00191735,0.0002841379,0.0005431385,0.003450761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00476235,0.000258816,0.000141422,0.0009871188,0.0009546822,0.001411943,0.001786059,0.0008175093,0.0005471078],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007476018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002789366,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01032432,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02335774,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993014,0.0002146564,0.00002946473,0.0001134075,0.0002227711,0.0001183027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947534,0.002110481,0.001642295,0.000336485,0.0005748809,0.0005824968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00063959,0.0001980968,0.7495934,0.0002909973,0.0001411894,0.001873606,0.1608159,0.0002430132,0.01127633,0.001302317,0.006763656,0.06686191],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005198634,0.0001154681,0.9258103,0.00005486044,0.00002578863,0.0005176989,0.06405553,0.0005367975,0.001552801,0.0002041914,0.007090818,0.00003060379],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957609,0.00006299445,0.0002716429,0.0001209775,0.00001263828,0.00001496312,0.0001778736,0.00002718338,0.003550873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985949,0.00006021708,0.0001841687,0.000054513,0.00002239728,0.00001216012,0.0001289553,0.000009752144,0.0009329487],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01032432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0205285,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02020176290101351,"score_gpt":0.2059927568286581,"score_spread":0.1857909939276446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}