{"id":"W3112294439","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111705","title":"Molecular speciation and aromaticity of biochar-manure: Insights from elemental, stable isotope and solid-state DPMAS 13C NMR analyses","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Management","topic":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; University of Lethbridge","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; University of Lethbridge","keywords":"Manure; Biochar; Feedlot; δ13C; Organic matter; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Dry matter; Nitrogen; Isotopes of nitrogen; Animal science; Nutrient; Stable isotope ratio; Agronomy; Pyrolysis; Biology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001656487,0.000217666,0.0001721505,0.0003898294,0.0001980121,0.0003883407,0.000173807,0.0002431793,0.0003579347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001492821,0.0001420201,0.00009800693,0.0003755023,0.0003200663,0.0001574316,0.0001067244,0.0002001399,0.0001110305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006210527,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004557065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03283923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06956504,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998977,0.000008188972,0.000003000944,0.00002083785,0.00004729708,0.00002296731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999151,0.00001307207,0.00001701595,0.000003770369,0.00003811626,0.00001277859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000100908,0.00000797937,0.002879204,0.00002559728,0.000006415495,0.00002439255,0.00002932638,0.0001090455,0.9946986,0.00002225568,0.00001111357,0.002085196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001049536,0.0002192078,0.2772224,0.000012082,0.00005194623,0.0002388955,0.0005057279,0.005720872,0.7138788,0.0001625362,0.001952986,0.00002416872],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974067,0.0005823718,0.001186989,0.00002823926,0.000003052709,0.000006476413,0.0002904347,0.00001614996,0.0004795218],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996255,0.0006854826,0.001877341,0.00003453863,0.000003518652,0.000006029814,0.0003486557,0.000008135255,0.0007811648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03283923,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06529617,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02068112667057324,"score_gpt":0.2300535824665445,"score_spread":0.2093724557959712,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}