{"id":"W3112621577","doi":"10.1016/j.clet.2020.100033","title":"Oxidative torrefaction for cleaner utilization of biomass for soil amendment","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cleaner Engineering and Technology","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection; Abdul Latif Jameel Water and Food Systems Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","keywords":"Torrefaction; Biochar; Amendment; Biomass (ecology); Husk; Environmental science; Raw material; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Agronomy; Botany; Pyrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002791777,0.0001139492,0.0001577904,0.0001096406,0.00001819342,0.000005408825,0.00007883328,0.0001485751,0.000005757426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008385797,0.0001177423,0.00002809592,0.0002241567,0.00003239997,0.00004849295,0.00002220981,0.00005763499,0.000001282493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002200506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000470666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":5.029891e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.066308e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995055,0.000001296579,0.0001522052,0.0001546226,0.00004008339,0.0001463018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997473,0.00004797568,0.00002896973,0.00007786022,0.00005511329,0.00004277857],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000187308,0.000007099879,0.00001500262,0.0005061686,0.00003996926,2.162616e-7,0.0000599222,0.0008877104,0.9855569,0.0008477825,0.0004258259,0.01163465],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003801142,0.0001090118,0.000004369442,0.00001839183,0.00001965102,0.000001051678,0.0001125943,0.04032064,0.9517708,0.0002037135,0.006939833,0.0001198597],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8535764,0.0004775116,0.1439658,0.0006529971,0.0001703101,0.0003033899,0.00003925544,0.0007906616,0.00002371627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974011,0.00004710732,0.002382757,0.00001694097,0.00003102724,0.00006110911,0.00002076729,0.00003008453,0.00000911334],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1438247,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4801391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01704364783720117,"score_gpt":0.2172301167728606,"score_spread":0.2001864689356594,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}