{"id":"W3112964578","doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.120.051718","title":"Emulating Randomized Clinical Trials With Nonrandomized Real-World Evidence Studies","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Circulation","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":297,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; McGill University; National Institute on Aging; Harvard University; Vanderbilt University","keywords":"Medicine; Randomized controlled trial; Confounding; Propensity score matching; Hazard ratio; Placebo; Clinical trial; Clinical endpoint; Research design; Proxy (statistics); Clinical study design; Confidence interval; Internal medicine; Statistics; Alternative medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01651703,0.0002407664,0.002409896,0.00007810914,0.0001047612,0.00004542826,0.0001399689,0.00009516587,0.00005584178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1334227,0.0001646256,0.0003609207,0.000357852,0.0002093599,0.0004082329,0.00005641139,0.0002609153,0.00001402759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007746679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006774776,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000123133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002030799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9928052,0.00410556,0.002068549,0.0004259321,0.0003850445,0.0002097231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9411392,0.05649056,0.001465579,0.0003564671,0.0004179634,0.000130216],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.5219453,0.0004291354,0.0552037,0.001794162,0.003973176,0.00008136198,0.01334133,0.003691653,0.01137336,0.3356147,0.00284785,0.04970435],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.3525926,0.0002332401,0.002031717,0.002256751,0.001954118,0.000005529316,0.0006093757,0.0691371,0.002457518,0.5677074,0.00006576315,0.0009489591],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1887572,0.000438767,0.8032129,0.001574477,0.0001387657,0.003747222,0.000002272076,0.0009689491,0.001159397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9183198,0.0003334933,0.08049316,0.0002455975,0.0003313336,0.000211729,0.000004767242,0.0000355825,0.00002455095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7295626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8738768,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7113316494914241,"score_gpt":0.5902829400891217,"score_spread":0.1210487094023024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}